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配置示例 ​

17.1 基本 POM 示例 ​

17.1.1 简单 Java 项目 ​

xml
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
         http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  
  <groupId>com.example</groupId>
  <artifactId>my-java-project</artifactId>
  <version>1.0.0</version>
  <packaging>jar</packaging>
  
  <name>My Java Project</name>
  <description>A simple Java project</description>
  
  <properties>
    <maven.compiler.source>11</maven.compiler.source>
    <maven.compiler.target>11</maven.compiler.target>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
  </properties>
  
  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>4.13.2</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>
</project>

17.1.2 Web 项目 ​

xml
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
         http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  
  <groupId>com.example</groupId>
  <artifactId>my-webapp</artifactId>
  <version>1.0.0</version>
  <packaging>war</packaging>
  
  <name>My Web Application</name>
  <description>A simple web application</description>
  
  <properties>
    <maven.compiler.source>11</maven.compiler.source>
    <maven.compiler.target>11</maven.compiler.target>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
  </properties>
  
  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
      <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
      <version>4.0.1</version>
      <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>4.13.2</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>
  
  <build>
    <finalName>my-webapp</finalName>
    <plugins>
      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
        <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>3.3.1</version>
      </plugin>
    </plugins>
  </build>
</project>

17.2 多模块 POM 示例 ​

17.2.1 父 POM ​

xml
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
         http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  
  <groupId>com.example</groupId>
  <artifactId>parent-project</artifactId>
  <version>1.0.0</version>
  <packaging>pom</packaging>
  
  <name>Parent Project</name>
  <description>Parent project for multi-module application</description>
  
  <modules>
    <module>module-common</module>
    <module>module-service</module>
    <module>module-web</module>
  </modules>
  
  <properties>
    <maven.compiler.source>11</maven.compiler.source>
    <maven.compiler.target>11</maven.compiler.target>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <spring.version>5.3.20</spring.version>
  </properties>
  
  <dependencyManagement>
    <dependencies>
      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
        <version>${spring.version}</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
        <version>${spring.version}</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
        <version>${spring.version}</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
        <groupId>junit</groupId>
        <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
        <version>4.13.2</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
      </dependency>
    </dependencies>
  </dependencyManagement>
  
  <build>
    <pluginManagement>
      <plugins>
        <plugin>
          <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
          <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.8.1</version>
          <configuration>
            <source>${maven.compiler.source}</source>
            <target>${maven.compiler.target}</target>
          </configuration>
        </plugin>
      </plugins>
    </pluginManagement>
  </build>
</project>

17.2.2 子模块 POM ​

公共模块 ​

xml
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
         http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <parent>
    <groupId>com.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>parent-project</artifactId>
    <version>1.0.0</version>
  </parent>
  
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <artifactId>module-common</artifactId>
  
  <name>Common Module</name>
  <description>Common utilities and shared code</description>
  
  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>
</project>

服务模块 ​

xml
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
         http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <parent>
    <groupId>com.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>parent-project</artifactId>
    <version>1.0.0</version>
  </parent>
  
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <artifactId>module-service</artifactId>
  
  <name>Service Module</name>
  <description>Business logic layer</description>
  
  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.example</groupId>
      <artifactId>module-common</artifactId>
      <version>${project.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>
</project>

Web 模块 ​

xml
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
         http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <parent>
    <groupId>com.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>parent-project</artifactId>
    <version>1.0.0</version>
  </parent>
  
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <artifactId>module-web</artifactId>
  <packaging>war</packaging>
  
  <name>Web Module</name>
  <description>Web layer</description>
  
  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.example</groupId>
      <artifactId>module-service</artifactId>
      <version>${project.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
      <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
      <version>4.0.1</version>
      <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>
  
  <build>
    <finalName>module-web</finalName>
    <plugins>
      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
        <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>3.3.1</version>
      </plugin>
    </plugins>
  </build>
</project>

17.3 高级配置示例 ​

17.3.1 多环境配置 ​

xml
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
         http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  
  <groupId>com.example</groupId>
  <artifactId>my-project</artifactId>
  <version>1.0.0</version>
  <packaging>jar</packaging>
  
  <name>My Project</name>
  <description>A project with multi-environment configuration</description>
  
  <properties>
    <maven.compiler.source>11</maven.compiler.source>
    <maven.compiler.target>11</maven.compiler.target>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
  </properties>
  
  <profiles>
    <profile>
      <id>development</id>
      <activation>
        <activeByDefault>true</activeByDefault>
      </activation>
      <properties>
        <environment>dev</environment>
        <database.url>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/dev_db</database.url>
        <database.username>dev</database.username>
        <database.password>dev123</database.password>
      </properties>
    </profile>
    <profile>
      <id>test</id>
      <properties>
        <environment>test</environment>
        <database.url>jdbc:mysql://test-server:3306/test_db</database.url>
        <database.username>test</database.username>
        <database.password>test123</database.password>
      </properties>
    </profile>
    <profile>
      <id>production</id>
      <properties>
        <environment>prod</environment>
        <database.url>jdbc:mysql://prod-server:3306/prod_db</database.url>
        <database.username>prod</database.username>
        <database.password>prod123</database.password>
      </properties>
    </profile>
  </profiles>
  
  <build>
    <resources>
      <resource>
        <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
        <filtering>true</filtering>
      </resource>
    </resources>
  </build>
</project>

17.3.2 插件配置 ​

xml
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
         http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  
  <groupId>com.example</groupId>
  <artifactId>my-project</artifactId>
  <version>1.0.0</version>
  <packaging>jar</packaging>
  
  <name>My Project</name>
  <description>A project with plugin configuration</description>
  
  <properties>
    <maven.compiler.source>11</maven.compiler.source>
    <maven.compiler.target>11</maven.compiler.target>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
  </properties>
  
  <build>
    <plugins>
      <!-- 编译插件 -->
      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
        <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>3.8.1</version>
        <configuration>
          <source>${maven.compiler.source}</source>
          <target>${maven.compiler.target}</target>
          <encoding>${project.build.sourceEncoding}</encoding>
        </configuration>
      </plugin>
      
      <!-- 测试插件 -->
      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
        <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>3.0.0-M5</version>
        <configuration>
          <includes>
            <include>**/*Test.java</include>
          </includes>
          <excludes>
            <exclude>**/Abstract*.java</exclude>
          </excludes>
        </configuration>
      </plugin>
      
      <!-- 打包插件 -->
      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
        <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>3.2.0</version>
        <configuration>
          <archive>
            <manifest>
              <addClasspath>true</addClasspath>
              <mainClass>com.example.Main</mainClass>
            </manifest>
          </archive>
        </configuration>
      </plugin>
      
      <!-- 源码插件 -->
      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
        <artifactId>maven-source-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>3.2.1</version>
        <executions>
          <execution>
            <id>attach-sources</id>
            <goals>
              <goal>jar-no-fork</goal>
            </goals>
          </execution>
        </executions>
      </plugin>
      
      <!-- Javadoc 插件 -->
      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
        <artifactId>maven-javadoc-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>3.3.2</version>
        <executions>
          <execution>
            <id>attach-javadocs</id>
            <goals>
              <goal>jar</goal>
            </goals>
          </execution>
        </executions>
      </plugin>
    </plugins>
  </build>
</project>

17.3.3 依赖管理 ​

xml
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
         http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  
  <groupId>com.example</groupId>
  <artifactId>my-project</artifactId>
  <version>1.0.0</version>
  <packaging>jar</packaging>
  
  <name>My Project</name>
  <description>A project with dependency management</description>
  
  <properties>
    <maven.compiler.source>11</maven.compiler.source>
    <maven.compiler.target>11</maven.compiler.target>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    
    <!-- 依赖版本 -->
    <spring.version>5.3.20</spring.version>
    <spring-boot.version>2.6.7</spring.boot.version>
    <junit.version>4.13.2</junit.version>
    <log4j.version>2.17.1</log4j.version>
  </properties>
  
  <dependencyManagement>
    <dependencies>
      <!-- Spring Boot -->
      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
        <version>${spring-boot.version}</version>
        <type>pom</type>
        <scope>import</scope>
      </dependency>
      
      <!-- Spring -->
      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
        <version>${spring.version}</version>
      </dependency>
      
      <!-- JUnit -->
      <dependency>
        <groupId>junit</groupId>
        <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
        <version>${junit.version}</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
      </dependency>
      
      <!-- Log4j -->
      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
        <artifactId>log4j-core</artifactId>
        <version>${log4j.version}</version>
      </dependency>
    </dependencies>
  </dependencyManagement>
  
  <dependencies>
    <!-- Spring Boot -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    
    <!-- Spring Web -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    
    <!-- JUnit -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>
</project>

通过这些配置示例，您可以快速了解和使用 Maven 的各种配置选项，根据项目的具体需求进行相应的配置。

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