Android 插件简介

Android Gradle Plugin（AGP）是 Google 为 Android 开发专门定制的 Gradle 插件，是 Android Studio 的构建基础。

插件类型

插件 ID	用途
com.android.application	Android 应用（APK）
com.android.library	Android 库（AAR）
com.android.test	Android 测试项目
com.android.dynamic-feature	动态特性模块

基本配置（app/build.gradle.kts）

plugins {
    id("com.android.application")
    kotlin("android")
}

android {
    namespace = "com.example.myapp"
    compileSdk = 34
    
    defaultConfig {
        applicationId = "com.example.myapp"
        minSdk = 24
        targetSdk = 34
        versionCode = 1
        versionName = "1.0"
        
        testInstrumentationRunner = "androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
    }
    
    buildTypes {
        release {
            isMinifyEnabled = true
            proguardFiles(
                getDefaultProguardFile("proguard-android-optimize.txt"),
                "proguard-rules.pro"
            )
        }
        debug {
            isDebuggable = true
            applicationIdSuffix = ".debug"
        }
    }
    
    compileOptions {
        sourceCompatibility = JavaVersion.VERSION_17
        targetCompatibility = JavaVersion.VERSION_17
    }
    
    kotlinOptions {
        jvmTarget = "17"
    }
    
    buildFeatures {
        viewBinding = true
        buildConfig = true
    }
}

dependencies {
    implementation("androidx.core:core-ktx:1.12.0")
    implementation("androidx.appcompat:appcompat:1.6.1")
    implementation("com.google.android.material:material:1.11.0")
    testImplementation("junit:junit:4.13.2")
    androidTestImplementation("androidx.test.ext:junit:1.1.5")
}

多渠道打包（Product Flavors）

android {
    flavorDimensions += "environment"
    
    productFlavors {
        create("dev") {
            dimension = "environment"
            applicationIdSuffix = ".dev"
            versionNameSuffix = "-dev"
            buildConfigField("String", "API_URL", "\"https://dev-api.example.com\"")
        }
        create("staging") {
            dimension = "environment"
            applicationIdSuffix = ".staging"
            buildConfigField("String", "API_URL", "\"https://staging-api.example.com\"")
        }
        create("prod") {
            dimension = "environment"
            buildConfigField("String", "API_URL", "\"https://api.example.com\"")
        }
    }
}

常用构建任务

# 构建 Debug APK
./gradlew assembleDebug

# 构建 Release APK
./gradlew assembleRelease

# 构建所有变体
./gradlew assemble

# 安装到连接的设备
./gradlew installDebug

# 运行测试
./gradlew test
./gradlew connectedAndroidTest

版本目录与 Android

# gradle/libs.versions.toml
[versions]
agp = "8.2.1"
kotlin = "1.9.22"
core-ktx = "1.12.0"

[libraries]
androidx-core-ktx = { group = "androidx.core", name = "core-ktx", version.ref = "core-ktx" }

[plugins]
android-application = { id = "com.android.application", version.ref = "agp" }
kotlin-android = { id = "org.jetbrains.kotlin.android", version.ref = "kotlin" }

下一步

• Android 项目构建 - 完整 Android 构建实战
• 多渠道打包 - 详细的多渠道配置